The Anglo-Norman period started with the Norman conquest to the middle of the 14^th century (1066-1340)- so, for conceptual clearance, we must know, the meaning and significance of the Anglo-Norman period.

In this period, French dialect was spoken by the Norman invaders. The Norman were agnostic philistines from Denmark, Norway and Iceland who started surprising people with their disastrous appearance of violence and theft in Europe, basically in the coastal areas in the 8^th century.

They were the vikings who lined in the North-West France. To save France from further attacks, King Charles, who simply made a pact of St.Clair-Sur-Epte with the chief of the vikings named Rollo, by giving them some land. Within a few years, Rollo with the other Vikings had accepted the Franks language, laws and other cultures. The Vikings got married with the french people, showing their unity and togetherness. These were the people who were known as the Normans.

By the 11^th century, Normandy gained its identification by becoming one of the most powerful states in Christendom. They were fearless and aggressive. They showed their cruelty and rage, whenever and wherever they wanted Robert Guiscard helped various political groups in Staly to gain possessions.

The Norman Conquest in England

Some of the most economic engagements of the Normans took place in 1066, when they took over England. King Edward, the King of England was issueless so he wanted Harold Godwinson to be the King after his death where as William of Normandy claimed himself to be the rightful King of England.

It is said that William of Normandy had prisoned Harold to dominate his claim for the throne. But Harold broke his promise and became the King of England soon after the death of Edward because it was feared that the Norwegian King, Magnus and his son Harold would also claim the throne through Harthacnut. When Harold finally got the crown, both the suitors of the throne decided to march on towards England.

Harold did kill the Viking army including Hardrada but backed off and moved south with his army when he got to know about the arrival of William of Normandy. This held the Battle of Hastings where King Harold was defeated by the William of Normandy.

This was said to be the end of Anglo- saxon period. The norman conquest changed the value of the English language by replacing French as the language of “elites”. French was used in national purposes, art, food etc. People were comfortable in French as their medium of communication. In this way, it came under the dominance of French and Latin language.

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Here is the complete description of noun and the types of noun.

What is a noun ?

A noun is a part of speech that is used to name a person, thing, place, object, quality or action. There are different types of nouns.

1. Proper noun – This type of noun consists particularly the name of any person, place or thing.

Example :- Arpita, Shristi, Punjab, India etcetera.

Here are some sentences :-

1. Maths is a boring subject.
2. Varanasi is a beautiful place.
3. Arnav is a stout boy.
4. Common noun :- This type of noun is used to name a community,thing and class.

Example :- boys, girls, city etcetera.

Here are some sentences :-

1. That is a group of boys.

B .Girls are always punctual.

1. The city is attractive.
2. Collective noun :- this type of noun is used to represent a total number of objects or persons all together as one unit.

Examples:- army, navy, community, committee etc.

1. The football team this year includes tall, talented and brilliant players.
2. The Indian army is fighting bravely.
3. Everyone in the audience waited for the band with curious eyes.
4. Material nouns : this type of nouns refers to material or objects from which things are made.

Examples:- Iron, wool, rice, milk

1. Cotton dress is comfortable for summer.
2. Iron is a useful metal.

C .Milk is good for health.

5. Abstract nouns:- This type of nouns refers to any name of a quality that a person or things have.

Examples :- bravery, wickedness, cowardness etcetera.

1. She is a tantrum queen.
2. The tiger has great strength.
3. Freedom fighters are the symbol of bravery.

Here are some questions with solutions for better understanding.

Identify the type of nouns :-

1. The book was kept on the desk.
2. Water is important for survival.
3. Cigarette is injurious to health.
4. The child hood of JK Rowling was full of difficulties.
5. All the boys were playing.
6. Iron is a useful metal.
7. The judges are done with their judgement.
8. The earth is a unique planet.
9. We get cotton from plants.
10. Humanity should be kept alive.

ANSWERS :-

1. Book is a common noun.
2. Water is a material noun.
3. Cigarette is a material noun ; Health is an abstract noun.

4.Childhood is an abstract noun; JK Rowling is a proper noun; difficulty is an abstract noun.

5. Girls comes under the category of common nouns.
6. Gold is a material noun; metal comes under the category of common noun.
7. Judges comes under the category of collective noun; judgement comes under the category of abstract nouns.

8.Earth is a common noun

9.Cotton comes under the category of material noun; plants come under the category of common nouns.

10.Humanity comes under collective noun.

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“The journey of thousand miles begins with a single step”
– Lao Tzu

Relating to this quote, the first step taken by KFDN was just before two years, on this same day.

The journey wasn’t easy but our intention gave us immense courage to forge forward for the welfare of the society. This noble idea of educating the Needy without demanding a single penny in return came from our core members.

While sitting together after their lectures, they just contemplated about how social media can be an asset to help the students. From solving queries over WhatsApp, this idea is now extended with 37 members running after a single dream – “Kailasha Foundation”

By making an equipped team of subject experts, we have tried to answer all the education and career related queries within twenty four hours. Our supreme motive was to guide the students by building their confidence to crack various competitive exams by reforming enthusiasm and determination in them. We have provided provisions of practice session to let our students know, how to write, what to write and what not to write. Queries, informative articles, counseling, quizzes and even free courses are provided to keep the students updated. We have published around 336 daily quizzes. And except these, we provide quizzes based on politics, law, biology and sports as well.

We get queries on different subjects such as history, law, mathematics, physics, Quantitative ability, Reasoning, SSC and banking, UPSC and State PSC’s. There are 1988 active users of our website whose enormous trust and support has inspired and motivated us throughout.

With the first ever batch we have tasted success. With a team working day and night, we have been criticised by many. This couldn’t be a drawback so we took it as a source of our motivation to work harder than ever. We have a number of students who have raised our name with their brilliant academic performance in the field of commerce.

We have started up with CA-CPT Foundation course, CAT, NEET, SSC classes through Google classroom, YouTube video (lectures), Facebook Live for tips and question/answer session. In fact, we have been contacted to bring up our own app for better connection and we will look into it as soon as possible.

Be with us and we will stand by you no matter what. We want to create a better India, a new India, full of education, purpose and development. We want to lead our country into the path of wisdom and enlightenment. As it is said, age is just a number! And KFDN has turned 2 today with deeds, of a big kid. Our intention and dedication will be the same as now in the coming days. We have gained a lots of love and achievements and there is a lot more to come.

Thank you for being a part of us and making us a part of you.

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Here is the complete description of noun and the types of noun.

What is a noun?

A noun is a part of speech that is used to name a person, thing, place, object, quality or action. There are different types of nouns.

1. 1. Proper noun – This type of noun consists particularly of the name of any person, place or thing.

Example: – Arpita, Shristi, Punjab, India etcetera.

Here are some sentences:-

A. Maths is a boring subject.
B. Varanasi is a beautiful place.
C. Arnav is a stout boy.

2. Common noun: – This type of noun is used to name a community, thing, and class.

Example: – boys, girls, city etcetera.

Here are some sentences:-

A. That is a group of boys.
B. Girls are always punctual.
C. The city is attractive.

1. 3. Collective noun: – this type of noun is used to represent a total number of objects or persons all together as one unit.

Examples: – army, navy, community, committee etc.

Here are some sentences:-

A. The football team this year includes tall, talented and brilliant players.
B. The Indian army is fighting bravely.
C. Everyone in the audience waited for the band with curious eyes. 

1. 4. Material nouns: this type of nouns refers to material or objects from which things are made.

Examples: – Iron, wool, rice, milk, etc. 

Here are some sentences:-

A. Cotton dress is comfortable for summer.
B. Iron is a useful metal.
C. Milk is good for health.

1. 5. Abstract nouns: – This type of nouns refers to any name of a quality that a person or things have.

Examples: – bravery, wickedness, forwardness etcetera.

Here are some sentences:-

A. She is a tantrum queen.
B. The tiger has great strength.
C. Freedom fighters are the symbol of bravery.

Here are some questions with solutions for better understanding.

Identify the type of nouns:-

1. The book was kept on the desk.
2. Water is important for survival.
3. Cigarette is injurious to health.
4. The childhood of JK Rowling was full of difficulties.
5. All the boys were playing.
6. Iron is a useful metal.
7. The judges are done with their judgement.
8. The earth is a unique planet.
9. We get cotton from plants.
10. Humanity should be kept alive.

ANSWERS:-

1. ‘Book’ is a common noun.
2. ‘Water’ is a material noun.
3. ‘Cigarette’ is a material noun; ‘Health’ is an abstract noun.
4. ‘Childhood’ is an abstract noun; ‘JK Rowling’ is a proper noun; ‘Difficulty’ is an abstract noun.
5. ‘Girl’ comes under the category of common nouns.
6. ‘Gold’ is a material noun; ‘metal’ comes under the category of common noun.
7. ‘Judges’ comes under the category of collective noun; ‘judgement’ comes under the category of abstract nouns.
8. ‘Earth’ is a common noun.
9. ‘Cotton’ comes under the category of material noun; ‘plants’ come under the category of common nouns.
10. ‘Humanity’ comes under abstract noun.

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Photography is the newly introduced course as because of the ascending interest of students. With good vision and creativity, one can build up his/her career through this unique field of interest. Good computing skills, to give the raw photo a pinch of more beauty, which can lead them to get started as a professional photographer.

In India, there are various renowned colleges for this course such as Delhi College of Photography (New Delhi), Life Academy (Ooty),  Asian Academy of Film and Television-(AAFT) (Noida) etc. So, one can start his/her career in this field which has various scopes for future career building opportunities such as wedding photography, event photography,  fashion photography, wildlife photography and many more. There are many people who are very successful with their interest in photography converted into the career, such as Tim Laman- Wildlife Photography, Henry Cartier- Bresson- Street Photography.

There are many benefits of Photography like:

• Photography works as a stress buster.
• Photography creates a story of your life.
• Photography can work a career for passionate ones.
• Photography tests your imagination power.
• Photography creates unerasable memories.

Interior designing is also a creative way to make your career interesting for those who love art. It’s an imaginative and artistic path of education. To get started with interior designing as a road to career one should be good at designing and must have practical knowledge so that understanding the client’s demand would be easy. Working on various projects, portfolios can help to gain the vision for the art which is needed. For a professional interior designer, the scope is huge in India because now people demand unique interiors to make their home a dream place to live in. There are various designing softwares to work with such as AUTOCAD, 3D modeling, Sketchup, 3ds max, etc., which can help an individual to come up with new ideas for the project.

There are many benefits of Interior Designing like:

• Creativity level increases day by day
• Profitable income
• Growing Demand
• Satisfaction towards your job
• Traveling new places
• Flexibility
• Financial Rewards

Interior designing and photography both are the newly introduced ways to start your career with what you love. It helps you to gain mental peace and stability as a person can never be tired of doing something he loves to do. Notably,  they move hand-in-hand which actually makes them more beneficial for an individual.

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It took birth in Britain in the 1960s, as a project undertaken by the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry. Due to several forming of revolutions and protests, education and theatre got affected deeply. Nearby city councilors and neighborhood teachers, developed a composed arrangement of instructive effort – utilizing dramatic execution and dramatization workshops to investigate issues of social, political and moral significance as a major aspect of a free support of the youngsters of Coventry.

Education was going quite far away from the listening and talking methods which has been used for centuries. This vintage method got replaced by practical methods in which children started working in a group on projects which helped them to prepare for having a cultured life. The desire for theatre in education to find theatre outside the room was a big step.

TIE follows many characteristics such as

• The cast should have the small number of members for neat and versatile acting.
• There should be a clear thought process about the role.
• Audience involvement is a must.
• Facts and figures in the role are needed.
• Production should come up with some moral at the end of the role.

There are many benefits of TIE like:

• Imagination: Thinking towards a next level and coming with new and creative ways for a similar level of role.

• Self- Confidence: Performing in front of the audience gives the energy to gain confidence and trust your own skills which are helpful for a student to move forward in his life as well as in career.

• Concentration: While performing a role in a play, it creates a continuous attention to the individual’s voice, psyche, and body which helps in the growth of life and career.

• Relaxation: It gives a calm and peaceful reward to the mind and body decreasing all kinds of anxiety.

Working for industries for free by contacting them directly will help to gain experience and techniques. This is the best way to begin an acting career. Volunteering at your local theatres will help a lot to gain knowledge about the happenings in theatres. For example- being a part of a small play and showing your acting skills helps an individual to increase the chances of getting into big theatre industries.

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The 14^th century is known as the age of Chaucer.  He was a great writer who is not only of an age but of all the ages. It was the age of transition, a transformation of medieval to the modern times. The great age of enlightenment and prosperity. But initially, during the middle age, the people of England were not much satisfied with the so-called religious, political and social principles.

Geoffrey Chaucer (1343 -1400) is known as the father of English literature. He wasn’t only an author but a philosopher, astronomer, bureaucrat and a diplomat. Chaucer is very well known for his beautiful and exceptional metrical innovation. He is famous for Canterbury tales which is a collection of stories told by fictional pilgrims.

Coming to the Middle English literature, it is divided into two parts basically – Religious and Secular. The religious poetries include sermons and translations of the bible. These were simplified in order to provide some basic teachings and knowledge about life to the poor, helpless and oppressed people whereas the secular poetries are the works of old English verse with reference to God, heaven, and salvation.

In this period many more changes occurred. The most promising and necessary change was the transformation of literature from oral to written. The more importance was given to the reader, provided with the utmost originality of works. On the other hand, feudalism, chivalry, and churches started declining.

There was a noticeable social change. Starting from an era of transition, the unimaginable progress of nationalism, Black Death wiping out the 3^rd population of England, famine and social disturbance, the corruption of church and reformation, ending up with the new ray of progress, knowledge, development, and learning.

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Further, the French prose didn’t avert French influence from making verse the medium of middle English history. The French influence introduced rhyme instead of alliteration and blocked the range of English prose. The form in which Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse survived was less technically subtle or moreover, we can say the greater form of the Anglo-Saxon period which represented oral tradition. The middle English prose was said to be religious. These were clear, analytical and impressive. One of them is, “Sixteen Revelation of Divine love”, by Julian of Norwich which is fantastically presented, based on the English spirituality.

Secular writings and translations in prose came into practice in the last quarter of the fourteenth century. The stylish and extravagant representation was much different from that of religious tradition. Chaucer is known as the father of English literature and has a remarkable contribution. “Tale of Melibeus” is something worth remembering and “Equatorie of the planets”, was an astronomical translation by him.

The fifteenth century wasn’t very fruitful and juxtaposed in the field of English literature. The works consisted of little originality and artistic importance. In this period, the prose was derived on trial and error method. William Caxton, Hugh Latimer, Sir Thomas More, were some of the famous writers of the fifteenth century.

The middle English verse is based on rhyming at the end. The fourteenth and fifteenth-century poets made rhymes with alliterative characteristics to make the poems decorative and to give them an ornamental touch. So this has proved to be a promising starting point in building the structure and organization of the verse.

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(NOTE: On Dec’ 25th, 1066 William was crowned as the new ruler of England by defeating King Harold in the Battle of Hastings. So this conquest gave birth to the important change in English history which connected England in closer contact with continental Europe and made other influences negligible.)

The Anglo Saxon period is known as the Old English period which is not of much significance in this modern time. It is said to be written in an archaic Germanic language ( Anglo – Saxon). Beowulf is one of the significant poems which is remembered because of its structure and metaphorical representation. This epic historical poem is of three thousand lines.

Let us discuss few features of the poetry of Anglo Saxon period:-

• Anglo Saxon poetry is basically written in a blank verse which signifies that there is no ending rhyme. It is typically based on the problems which arise in the religious churches.
• There is a use of “Caesura” which means there is a break in the middle of the line of the poem. The Caesura is allowed in the second foot of the line as the poetry is comprised of four feet in each line.
• The commonly used poetic devices were Alliteration, metaphorical phrases which made the representation somewhat unique. The poems also provided knowledge based on the life and how to spend it truthfully.

Anglo Saxon poetry covered the period from mid-fifth century to the Norman conquest of the year 1066. Widsith, Beowulf, The flight at Finnsburh, Decor, The Battle of Brunanburh and the Battle of Maldon are some of the heroic poems of the Anglo Saxon period.

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