NETWORK TOPOLOGY

The geometric arrangement of a computer system. Each computer system in a topology is known as a node.

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TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Bus Topology: Single line to which all nodes are connected and the nodes connect only to this bus.
Mesh Topology: At least two nodes with two or more paths between them.
Ring Topology: Every node has exactly two branches connected to it. The ring is broken and cannot work if one of the nodes on the ring fails.
Star Topology: The peripheral nodes are connected to a central node, which rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, including the originating node.
Tree Topology: Nodes’ are arranged as a tree. The function of the central node in this topology may be distributed.

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NETWORKING DEVICES

• Network Interface Card (NIC)– Physical connection between networking cables and computer’s internal bus is provided by NIC Card
  
• Repeater- Electronic device that amplifies the signal it receives. It receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power so that the signal can cover longer distances.
  
• Hubs- Forwards the data packets to all of its ports connected to.
• Bridges– Connects two sub-networks as a part of the same network.
• Switch– filtering and forwarding of data packets.
• Router– Connects two sub-networks as a part of the same network
  
  
• Gateway– Entrance between two network
• Ethernet– LAN Technology which strikes a good balance between speed & cost.
• MoDem- Modulates and demodulates the signal between the digital data of a computer and the analog signal of a telephone line.
• Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)- Form of network configuration which uses ring topology of multimedia

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NETWORKING LAYERS

• OSI (OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION)
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

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SOURCE: Based on Self-Knowledge
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