There are four categories or types of editorials:

Editorial of Entertainment can be grouped in two sub-categories.

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Yellow journalism is a face of journalism best known for highlighting little or no legitimate news that includes exaggeration, sensationalism and scandals over the genuine news.

Some call it ‘fake news’ or ‘exploitive news reporting’ and some call it the ‘sensational reporting’. It is said that today, media has adopted the yellow journalism face over the actual journalism ethics and elements.

“Yellow journalism” cartoon about Spanish–American War of 1898 (Independence Seaport Museum).
Image source: Wikipedia

Roots of Yellow Journalism:

It started establishing its roots in the end of the 19^th century, from 1895 to 1898 due to the conflicts between the rival newspaper publishers regarding the competition for sales during the Spanish- American War in 1898. William Randolph Hearst, publisher of the New York Morning Journal, and Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of the New York World, took advantage of the turmoil in Cuba and came up with exaggerated stories and exploited reporting. They started fabricating the truth and presented news in the form that was more exciting than genuine to provoke the interest of the public, which even turned to absolutely no true details at all.

According to Frank Luther Mott, a well-known Journalist of that time, the yellow journalism is based on the following categories:

1. Scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news
2. Lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings
3. Use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, pseudoscience, and a parade of false learning from so-called experts
4. Emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements, usually with comic strips
5. Dramatic sympathy with the “underdog” against the system.

Yellow Journalism in India:

Being originated in America, Yellow Journalism has spread to the world and India is no exception to it.  Not only the news channels and the newspapers are impacted, but the new media is also experiencing a huge impact of fake and sensational news reporting. It has been practised in the favour of earning money and attracting more and more audience ignoring the originality and genuineness of the news covered. All is done just to grab an audience and convert traffic.

The 4^th pillar of democracy has become the weakest and fake aspect of democracy that public trust blindly.

Some of the recent examples of Yellow Journalism in India are:

Television Journalism:

Image Source: ScoopWhoop

Image Source: Google

These are a few Television based examples of Yellow journalism. These types of news are more interest based than true.

For the same reason, a channel named India TV was in question for a long period of time for a news ‘DELHI ME GIRI BARAF’ from a cycle.

Image Source: Jokofy Pictures

Newspaper Journalism:

Image Source: Google

The newspaper took advantage of a serious situation to make the news.

The hype of Arushi murder case by media.

New media:

Instead of stating the seriousness of the boy’s death, it is reported that he was a fan of Gautam Gambhir and his journey.

Image Source: Google
Here, the news is no good to be reported.

Image Source: Quora

The news of an AAP worker Jasleen Kaur accusing a boy of molesting her. The media hyped the news more than required with the tags demanding justice for the girl. Later on, the allegation were proved wrong.

Image Source: Quora

The internet and social media have become a serious contributor to the yellow journalism promotion. There are so many recent examples that all of them can’t even be stated as it’s more than a lot in number. Daily something new is trending and is forgotten the other day.

Conclusion:

Media is the 4^th Pillar of Democracy and with the position it holds, it carries a level of responsibility and it has no right to not act in accordance with the given authority.

What we are looking forward to, is, how will the rote be cured and who will take responsibility? If the authorities come up with a code of conduct, it is always opposed and is never practised. There should be some code against the news that is published and that the media should practice.

Source:

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_journalism
Google

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[The article, from the opinion point of view, is the author’s own input and Kailasha Foundation – Fun & Learn Portal alias Kailasha Online Learning LLP is not responsible for anything irrelevant or unsuitable.]

“The solemn charge which the Parliament preaches to all true believers is a return to the primitive unity of the world…The results may be far off, but they are certain,”   when John Henry Barrows observed these lines, mankind was witnessing Parliament of World’s Religions, held from 11^th to 23^rd September 1893, the first formal gathering of representatives of Eastern and Western spiritual traditions, beliefs and faiths, at the shore of Lake Michigan, Chicago.

No one would have imagined at that time that the world would suffer maximum because of the differences in beliefs and faiths.

The “primitive unity”, the dream they saw, remained a fantasy.

What did not remain as the same was the world order, the longing for power? After that, the world faced two World Wars within a duration of 30 years, setting aside humanity and scathing the peace. Soon after the conclusion of WWII, in 1948 Israel was created through a partition of Palestine, which resulted in dissatisfaction among a particular ethnic group.

image source – the Internet

Origin of Modern Radical Islamic Movements:

From Al Fatah in Palestine which engendered a series of Marxist and anti-Western transformations and movements throughout the Arab and Islamic world to Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the subsequent anti-Soviet mujahideen war, lasting from 1979 to 1989, stimulating the rise and expansion of religious Islamic terrorists, the face of International terrorism which was political, started taking religious nature. Afghan invasion by USSR was done in course to obtain an upper hand over Capitalist America in the Cold War but it backfires to them and resulted in chaos, it not only spoiled USSR’s economy by created a war zone in the Afghan-Pak region. Islamic world volunteered in the Afghan war and they were supported by conservative countries like Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It was no more for the political power game. The inclusion of conservative States made it radical religious Holy War. The Islamic Jihadis began describing themselves as warriors of Islam with their goal to the establishment of Islam all over the globe. Their major establishments were in Afghanistan, Egypt, Sudan, Pakistan and some Middle East countries.

The Course of Islamic Terrorism:

It was centred in the Middle East Asia began to spread all over the globe. In the decade of 1980’s the radical phase of Islamic terrorism widened with  Hezbollah, a Shia group, doing suicide bombing in the Middle East, and was linked to the 1983 bombing and subsequent deaths of 241 U.S. marines in Beirut, Lebanon, as well as multiple kidnappings of U.S. and Western civilians and government officials. USSR and USA indulged in the Cold War and sponsored terror in the rival group. The American policy of listing state sponsors was heavily politicized and did not include several countries — both allies and opponents of Washington — that, under U.S. government definitions, were guilty of supporting or using terrorism. Since the 1989 Soviet withdrawal of Afghan, Afghanistan emerged as a terrorist training ground. Pakistan, struggling to balance its needs for political-economic reform with a domestic religious agenda, provided assistance to terrorist groups both in Afghanistan and Kashmir while acting as a further transit area between the Middle East and South Asia.

In 1994, the Pakistan-Taliban militia in Afghanistan assumed several characteristics traditionally associated with state-sponsors of terrorism, providing all types of support including travel and training. Radical groups such as the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Al Qaeda, and Lashkar-e-Taiba emerged as highly motivated and deadly groups having influence all over the world.

Image source – the Internet

Laden and Al Qaeda:

Al Qaeda, founded by Abdullah Azzam in 1988, started spreading Islamic fundamentalism was soon taken under control of Osama Bin Laden, who travelled to Afghanistan in 1979 and helped organize Arab mujahideen to resist the Soviets. He spread its work in 40 countries. It soon became the symbol of Islamic Jihad and Islamic Organisations started funding it. He shifted the focus towards western world. The aim was to liberate regions which were once ruled by Muslims and to secure the rights of Muslims living in several secular non-Muslim states. The fanatics in the start of 21^st Century proved the biggest terrorist attack. On September 9, 2001, they did a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks on the United States. The attacks killed 2,997 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage, and followed by bombings on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The attack killed 202 people (including 88 Australians, 38 Indonesians, and people from more than 20 other nationalities). Despite the U.S. President’s call to “treat the Muslims with respect”, they faced hate crimes and harassment throughout the world. The whole world turned against them and the situation, which got birth in 1948 at the time of creation of Israel, got even worse.

The Observation:

Killings in the name of religion is not new to mankind. What started with Crusades or Takfir by Kharijites is now replaced by radical religious fanaticism. To gain the power in world politics, countries like U.K., U.S.A., U.S.S.R. frequently sponsored terrorism and that led the world to the rise of religious extremism.

Though the conclusion of WWII established peace in the world, however, the mankind has not really got over killings and violence. The contemporary world is facing even worse situation where religious killings have been more frequent, enormous of examples we can see all the day; and quoting them here are not worth importance.

In the period of 1893 to 2001, those 108 years, what really moved the world towards this crisis is the politicization of religion supported by First World countries and having a disastrous impact on the Third World States. What started with the peaceful Parliament of World’s Religion to unite all religions got converted into spreading propagandas. West brutally dominated East, and in consequence, the conservative Islamic society responded. What got wrong was the misinterpretation and improper implementation of the whole concept by masters of those ethnic groups. What could have ended with some settlements have now become a worldwide war, and the end of it is no near one can guess. What everyone needs to understand can be very must comprise in the views expressed in the Parliament of World’s Religions –

Every religion has been interpreted by some self-proclaimed ‘heads’ wrongly for their own benefits and the world blindly following them have forgotten the fundamentals of each and every religion, i.e.- peace and humanity.  Let’s rise above those beliefs/faiths which make us apart and achieve that dream of “Primitive Unity.”

Notable referred sources:

1. https://parliamentofreligions.org/content/1893-parliament-mr-mohammed-alexander-russell-webb
2. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.html
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_terrorism
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_terrorism

Other Team Members’ inputs:

Nothing has changed except the nature of attacks. Previously world wars were faought among different states , just to satisfy ego of some selfish, influencial people. And today, a war is being fought between terrorist vs different countries. This is more or less the result of the war fought in previous decades. Remember the movie ‘New York’? How an intelligent, intellectual, flamboyant personality transformed into an ashamed, awkward, and depressed one, which in turn gave rise to a terrible group of terrorists? It is shown in that movie. Just think, how many people have been punished like that in the past. The number is very large, larger than we can think. The anguish and anger had to be vented out sometimes, in some form, and now it is coming out in its most terrible form. WTC attack is nothing but one of the worst consequences of the mistakes made by previous generations. – Bhawna Shweta

In my opinion, Education is the change. Ancient Indian Education was something to be proud of. Be it Takshila or Nalanda, the world has bowed down to us in the past. But now, that heritage is only remaining in form of tourist attractions. It was Indian Education that a man with weird attire (term used as per situation at that time) in 1893 adressed the public for the first time with the salutation: “Sisters and Brothers…” and the hall witnessed one of the longest applause durations. Terrorism also is spread due to lack of proper education. – Ankit Keshan

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These are stated below:

1. Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC), New Delhi.

IIMC is a reputed institute for pursuing journalism and mass communication. It offers one-year post-graduate diploma courses to the eligible students. IIMC has a good placement record but is uncertain.

Website – http://www.iimc.nic.in

Courses:

• Radio & TV Journalism
• Advertising and public relations
• Journalism (Hindi)
• Journalism (English)
• Journalism (Urdu)
• Journalism (Odia)

Application forms can be purchased by post or in person by the Institute.

Application forms and prospectus can be obtained on payment of Rs. 1200/- for general category and Rs. 1100/- for SC/ST/OBC/PH category through a demand draft only, drawn on any scheduled bank payable to  Registrar IIMC at New Delhi, from IIMC New Delhi or IIMC Dhenkanal (Odisha). Request for application forms should be accompanied by a Demand Draft & self-addressed stamped (Rs. 70/-) envelope (27×17 cm).

For on-line Application process

The application form can be downloaded from the official website: www.iimc.gov.in Each application form must be accompanied by a Demand Draft of Rs. 1200/- for General & Rs.1100/- for SC/ST/OBC/Physically Handicapped categories and drawn in favor of Registrar, IIMC New Delhi.

Sale of application forms – 25 March 2017 to 5 May 2017.

2. Asian College of Journalism, Chennai.

It is an institute for studying hardcore journalism. It offers post-graduate diploma courses. Good placement record in reputed organizations like The Indian Express, The Hindu, CNN-IBN, NDTV etc.

Website: http://www.asianmedia.org

Courses and Fee (approx.)*

• Post Graduate Diploma in New Media Journalism – 350,000/-
• Post Graduate Diploma in Print Journalism – 350,000/-
• Post Graduate Diploma in Radio Journalism – 350,000/-
• Post Graduate Diploma in Television Journalism – 375,000/-

*for more information on fee structure, visit link- http://www.asianmedia.org/admissions/scholarships.asp

Application form fee- INR 1500/-

Application forms are out and available until April 17, 2017.

Form- http://www.asianmedia.org/admissions/form.asp

3. Xavier’s Institute for Communication (XIC), Mumbai.

XIC is best known for its Public Relations and Corporate Communication course if your main focus is placement. It has a record of 100% placement in this particular course. Else, it has a good placement record, but, not 100%. It offers both diploma and certificate courses. Its main focus is the English language.

Website- http://www.xaviercomm.org/

Entrance exam pattern and syllabus:

The Entrance exam is divided into two parts Objective and Subjective. The exam will be computerized followed by Group Discussion and Personal Interview.

Objective- General Knowledge/ Knowledge about Media/ Match the Idioms/ Match Company Logos/ Match Random Names/Language etc

Subjective- Essay writing on any current affair (200 words) 30 minutes

Opinion based question (250 words) 30 minutes

Visual based creative writing (100 marks) 15 minutes

(No section could be skipped without completing any of the ones.)

Online registration will take place from April 1^st to April 16^th, 2017.

4. AJ Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre (AJKMCRC), New Delhi.

AJKMCRC is an independent journalism college of Jamia Millia Islamia University, i.e., is affiliated to Jamia Millia Islamia University. It offers post graduate degree and diploma courses in journalism.

Website- http://jmi.ac.in

Detailed Syllabus:

http://jmi.ac.in/upload/programme/ets_centre_mcrc_ma_masscommunication.pdf

The candidate has to visit the college to submit the form or fill online.

Forms are not out yet.

5. Symbiosis Institute of Mass Communication (SIMC), Pune.

It offers degree courses and has a good placement record.

Website: http://www.simc.edu/

Courses:

• M.B.A in Communication Management.
• M.A. in Mass Communication.

For all other information related to fee, admission procedure and Admission criteria, visit – http://www.simc.edu/ma-mc.html#section-1

SOURCE:

www.iimc.nic.in/

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