Generally, we confuse such displaced persons as the same. But it is not the case. People having different reasons for moving from their places and settling in another country are not within the same meaning under International Law. In this post, we will discuss two such classes of persons; Refugees and Migrants.

Migrants:

International Organisation for Migration, the United Nations Migration Agency, defines migrants as any person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a State away from his/her habitual place of residence, regardless of

 (1) the person’s legal status;

(2) whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary;

(3) what the causes for the movement are; or

(4) what the length of the stay is.

IOM mainly deals with migrants and migration‐related issues and, in agreement with related countries, with migrants who are in need of international migration services.

Migration:

Migration is the movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border or within a State. It is a population movement, encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition, and causes; it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants, and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification.

Refugee:

A person who “owing to well­-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.”

In the case of a person who has more than one nationality, the term “the country of his nationality” shall mean each of the countries of which he is a national, and a person shall not be deemed to be lacking the protection of the country of his nationality if, without any valid reason based on well-founded fear, he has not availed himself of the protection of one of the countries of which he is a national.

Difference between migrant and refugee:

As such, there is no formal legal definition but in international law, a migrant is someone who changes their State of usual residence, irrespective of any reason. A refugee is a person who is outside their country of origin for reasons like feared prosecution, conflict, violence, or other circumstances that seriously disturb public order and requires international protection.

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To be continued…

[i] Article 1A(2), Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951.

Data sources:

https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/statistics/

https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms

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First of all, Happy Republic Day to you all. We’ve been republic since the enforcement of our Constitution, aren’t we? And when did that happen? Are we celebrating 70^th Republic Day or 69^th? Most of us are aware of these facts or some of us know more than that. But, do we know everything? Or say most of the things about our Republic Day? I guess not. So, here are some cool and important information about the Indian Republic Day:

1. The first thing we must know is that it’s the 70^th Indian Republic Day Today and not the 69^th. The first Republic Day was observed on 26^th of January 1950 and since then, on the very day, the whole nation celebrates the event.
2. The term ‘Republic’ has been mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution of India. It denotes that The Constitution gives the citizens of India the power to choose their own government and paves the way for democracy.
3. Every year, a chief guest is invited for the ceremony. The first chief guest in 1950 was President Sukarno, Indonesia’s first President. The Chief Guest on 70^th Republic Day of India 2019 is “Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa”, the fifth and current President of South Africa. He was invited by the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi during the G20 summit held in Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina. The reason for him being invited is because India is celebrating the 150^th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi who had very close links with the people of South Africa.
4. The Nation did not have a fixed venue for the ceremony initially. It was held at Irwin Amphitheatre (now Dhyan Chand National Stadium), Kingsway (Rajpath), Red Fort and Ramlila Maidan. Finally in 1955 Rajpath was chosen as the permanent venue.
5. A salute of 21 guns and the unfurling of the Indian National flag was done by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India on January 26, 1950. Since then, it has been the custom that the national flag is unfurled by the President of India before the Republic Day Parade and is greeted by a 21 gun salute.
   
6. The importance of the date 26^th January can be marked way since 1930. The idea of a republican nation were first discussed at the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress on 31^st December 1929. Under the presidency of Pt. Jawarhar Lal Nehru, the meeting took a pledge to mark January 26 as “Independence Day” in order to get the dream of complete independence from the British fulfilled.
7. The famous Christian Hymn written by Henry Francis Lyte, ‘Abide With Me’, set to music by W.M. Monk, and very close to Mahatma Gandhi (his personal favourite hymns), is one of the important part of the ceremony.
8. One of the significant developments in India took place on January 26th, 1965. On the 16^th Republic Day, Hindi was declared the national language of India.
9. In the 67th Republic Day parade French Army soldiers and French Army Band took part. This marked the first time since the beginning of the parade in 1950, that a foreign army contingent marched down the Rajpath during the Republic Day parade.
10. On the eve of every Republic Day, the President of India greets the nation. On the very first Republic Day, the then President of India said: “We must re-dedicate ourselves on this day to the peaceful but sure realization of the dream that had inspired the Father of our Nation and the other captains and soldiers of our freedom struggle, the dream of establishing a classless, co-operative, free and happy society in ‘his country’. We must remember that this is more a day of dedications than of rejoicing – dedication to the glorious task of making the peasants and workers the toilers and the thinkers fully free, happy and cultured.”

The 70^th Republic Day showcases the victory of a nation which was enslaved for centuries but never lost its urge to rise from the hardest of difficulties. Today, India stands united against all odds and celebrates festival of democracy, liberty, fraternity and equality.

In the words of our President of India, Shri Ram Nath Kovind, “Our society has shown great regard for those, whether individuals or institutions, who devote themselves to people’s welfare and go beyond the call of duty. The concept of seva, of devotion to public service and to the broadening of the ambit of justice, must get its due. Well-intentioned contributions of individuals, of groups of people, of institutions, whether public or private, of society at large, or for that matter of the government, must be acknowledged and appreciated.”[i], Kailasha Foundation once again wishes you all A Happy Republic Day.

Jai Hind!

[i] http://knowindia.gov.in/republic-day-celebration/president-speech.php

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“The journey of thousand miles begins with a single step”
– Lao Tzu

Relating to this quote, the first step taken by KFDN was just before two years, on this same day.

The journey wasn’t easy but our intention gave us immense courage to forge forward for the welfare of the society. This noble idea of educating the Needy without demanding a single penny in return came from our core members.

While sitting together after their lectures, they just contemplated about how social media can be an asset to help the students. From solving queries over WhatsApp, this idea is now extended with 37 members running after a single dream – “Kailasha Foundation”

By making an equipped team of subject experts, we have tried to answer all the education and career related queries within twenty four hours. Our supreme motive was to guide the students by building their confidence to crack various competitive exams by reforming enthusiasm and determination in them. We have provided provisions of practice session to let our students know, how to write, what to write and what not to write. Queries, informative articles, counseling, quizzes and even free courses are provided to keep the students updated. We have published around 336 daily quizzes. And except these, we provide quizzes based on politics, law, biology and sports as well.

We get queries on different subjects such as history, law, mathematics, physics, Quantitative ability, Reasoning, SSC and banking, UPSC and State PSC’s. There are 1988 active users of our website whose enormous trust and support has inspired and motivated us throughout.

With the first ever batch we have tasted success. With a team working day and night, we have been criticised by many. This couldn’t be a drawback so we took it as a source of our motivation to work harder than ever. We have a number of students who have raised our name with their brilliant academic performance in the field of commerce.

We have started up with CA-CPT Foundation course, CAT, NEET, SSC classes through Google classroom, YouTube video (lectures), Facebook Live for tips and question/answer session. In fact, we have been contacted to bring up our own app for better connection and we will look into it as soon as possible.

Be with us and we will stand by you no matter what. We want to create a better India, a new India, full of education, purpose and development. We want to lead our country into the path of wisdom and enlightenment. As it is said, age is just a number! And KFDN has turned 2 today with deeds, of a big kid. Our intention and dedication will be the same as now in the coming days. We have gained a lots of love and achievements and there is a lot more to come.

Thank you for being a part of us and making us a part of you.

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