India is the world’s largest democratic country. It is one of the most impactful countries in the world. India got freedom from the British clutch in 1947 and it has developed globally in each field since then. It still comes under developing countries but you should know that it contributes a greater part of the world economy. In 2021, India’s economy is $10.207 trillion (purchasing power parity) which accounts for 7.19% of world GDP. It also holds one of the top ranks in the list of the economy by nominal GDP and purchasing power parity(PPP). There is a tremendous amount of change in each sector of India since independence. In particular, we should take a glance at the history of 75 years of independence-what changed in all these years.
A brief look into the history of India
India took its first breath of freedom on 15th August 1947. Moreover, Independence came with lots of challenges. The partition of India was the dark side of independence, any books couldn’t explain all those devastating situations. India was divided and a new country, Pakistan was formed. During the partition, most of the people lost their jobs, homes, family and, also their motherland. Language also became a barrier during the migration of people from one place to another. It should be noted India survived the rough phase after the independence winning over all these difficult situations.
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Changes in education of India in 75 year of the independence
Education is indeed basic requirement for all of us. After 1947, there was a lot of progress in education, technology, literacy, scientific research etc. There wasn’t any remarkable changes in administrative policy of country after the adaption of new constitution. But, education was continually to be the priority of our government. There was appointment of planning commission to prepare a whole plan of development India including education. Later, the plan was adopted and implemented.
The main aim of these well planned plan was:-
1)To eliminate the illiteracy,
2)To provide global elementary education and focus on modernization of education,
3)To improve every sector of education,
4)To emphasize on learning of value of morality.
5)To provide more of vocational programs and skill development.
6)To provide education each and every part of the country.
Furthermore, the first Indian Institute of Technology was established in 1950 to provide and promote technical education. Moreover, changes are part of our life and it does happen for the betterment.
In 2009, the right to education act came in light. The act was for the fundamental right of compulsory education of children between 6-14 years old. Recently, The National Education Policy 2020 was approved by union cabinet of India on 29 July 2020. The new policy replaced the National Education Policy of 1986. NEP 2020 is basically blueprint for the elementary education to higher education. It also includes the vocational training. It will be provided both in rural and urban India. This will transform the education system of India by 2040.
Changes in economical state of India since 1947
After Independence, India struggled economically as a result of continuous deindustrialization by England. One of the disturbing factor was that only one sixth of the Indian was literate at that time. The social difference and poverty extinguished the hope of survival of country. One of the famous historian Angus Maddison estimated that India’s share of world’s economy decreased from 22.6% in 1700 to 3.8% in 1952.
Moreover, there were four significant changes in economy structure of India since 75 years of the independence:-
1) Changes in sectoral distribution of domestic product,
2) Growth of basic capital good industries.
3)Expansion in social overhead capital.
4) Progress in banking and financial sector.
Changes in condition of women in 75 years if the independence
When we mention changes ,we also meant the social changes and moral changes. Everyone knows women are not lagging behind in any sector and the status of women in society has been changed a lot since the independence. The constitution took special initiatives to improve the condition of women. Furthermore, there were sequence of laws passed to boost the state of women in society. There were different laws which provides equal right to women. Some of such laws are:-
1)The Hindu marriage act 1955
2)The Hindu adoption and maintenance act 1956 etc.
Those earlier step shaped the future of position women in society. We can feel the changes around us, women are standing for their right. Women are voicing their opinion and participating in every discussion. As we know that nothing is perfect, so the changes is not completely satisfactory. Moreover as long as the system exists, the chances of changes are expected.
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Some significant moments in 75 years of the Independence
1)Railway network nationalisation 1951,
2)First general elections 1951, when Jawahar Lal Nehru became first prime minister,
3)First Asian Games hosted by India held in New Delhi 1951,
4)First movie nominated for Oscar in 1958(Mother india)
5)Green revolution 1960,
6)White revolution,
7)Pokhran-1,1974, India became one of the five nuclear powered country,
8)India won first cricket world cup in 1983.
9)First astronaut in space in 1984,
10)Globalization of Economy in 1991.
11) Chandrayaan-1 launched in October 2008,
12)First gold medal in Olympics won by Abhinav Bindra in 2008,
13)Commonwealth game 2010 held in New Delhi,
14)India won second world cup in cricket 2011,
15) Success in Mars Orbiter Mission on 5 November 2013,
16) SC decriminalises homosexuality 2018,
17)India’s first indigenously developed light combat aircraft Tejas gets permission clearance to be inducted in IAF, Feb 2019,
18) India ranks 4th in Commonwealth games 2022 with 22 golds.
As far as we discussed, we come across a very different and new India. India is still challenging and winning over the situations. The changes in India is impeccable since the independence.
Well-researched, crisp, informative!
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